Orthognathic (Jaw) Surgery in Turkey

Orthognathic surgery, commonly referred to as jaw surgery, is a corrective surgical procedure used to reposition the upper jaw, lower jaw, or both. The treatment is designed to correct structural abnormalities of the jaw that affect bite alignment, facial balance, chewing function, and sometimes breathing.

Jaw misalignment can lead to a variety of functional and aesthetic concerns, including difficulty chewing, speech problems, chronic jaw pain, and facial asymmetry. Orthognathic surgery aims to improve the relationship between the upper and lower jaws, allowing them to function more efficiently and creating a more balanced facial structure.

In Turkey, orthognathic surgery is typically performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in hospital settings equipped with advanced imaging technologies and surgical planning tools.

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What Is Orthognathic Surgery?

Orthognathic surgery is a procedure that corrects abnormalities in jaw structure by surgically repositioning the bones of the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), or both.

The surgery may improve:

• Bite alignment (malocclusion)

• Chewing efficiency

• Speech clarity

• Facial symmetry

• Jaw joint function

• Airway function in some cases

Orthognathic surgery is often performed in combination with orthodontic treatment to achieve proper alignment of the teeth and jaws.

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Conditions Treated with Orthognathic Surgery

Several jaw-related conditions may require corrective jaw surgery.

Common conditions include:

• Underbite (Class III malocclusion)

• Overbite (Class II malocclusion)

• Open bite where upper and lower teeth do not meet

• Facial asymmetry caused by uneven jaw growth

• Jaw protrusion or recession

• Obstructive sleep apnea related to jaw structure

These conditions may cause both functional problems and cosmetic concerns.

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Symptoms of Jaw Misalignment

Patients with jaw alignment problems may experience a range of symptoms.

Common symptoms include:

• Difficulty chewing food

• Jaw pain or discomfort

• Speech difficulties

• Frequent biting of the inner cheeks

• Facial imbalance

• Breathing issues during sleep

Orthognathic surgery may be recommended when these issues cannot be corrected through orthodontic treatment alone.

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Who May Be Suitable for Orthognathic Surgery?

Orthognathic surgery may be considered for individuals who:

• Have severe jaw misalignment

• Experience functional difficulties with chewing or speaking

• Have facial asymmetry related to jaw structure

• Have completed facial bone growth

• Are in good general health

A detailed evaluation by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon and orthodontist is required to determine suitability.

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Pre-Surgical Planning

Orthognathic surgery requires careful planning and coordination between surgical and orthodontic teams.

Preoperative Assessment May Include

• Dental and facial examination

• Orthodontic evaluation

• X-rays and 3D imaging of the jaws

• Bite analysis

• Surgical planning using digital modelling

Patients may undergo orthodontic treatment for several months before surgery to prepare the teeth for proper jaw alignment.

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Types of Orthognathic Surgery

Several surgical techniques may be used depending on the jaw structures involved.

Maxillary Osteotomy (Upper Jaw Surgery)

This procedure repositions the upper jaw to correct bite alignment and facial proportions.

Mandibular Osteotomy (Lower Jaw Surgery)

The lower jaw is repositioned to improve bite function and facial symmetry.

Bimaxillary Surgery

Both the upper and lower jaws are repositioned when more complex corrections are needed.

These procedures may be performed individually or in combination depending on the patient’s condition.

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The Orthognathic Surgery Procedure

Step-by-Step Overview

1. Anaesthesia
   The surgery is performed under general anaesthesia.

2. Surgical Access
   Incisions are usually made inside the mouth to avoid visible external scars.

3. Bone Repositioning
   The surgeon cuts and repositions the jawbone to the planned position.

4. Stabilisation
   Small titanium plates and screws are used to stabilise the bones.

5. Closure
   The surgical site is closed with sutures.

The surgery usually takes 2–4 hours, depending on the complexity of the procedure.

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Recovery After Orthognathic Surgery

Early Recovery

Following surgery, patients may experience:

• Facial swelling

• Jaw stiffness

• Mild to moderate discomfort

• Temporary difficulty chewing

Recovery Timeline

• Initial healing occurs within several weeks

• Soft food diet may be recommended during early recovery

• Orthodontic treatment may continue after surgery to refine bite alignment

Full recovery may take several months depending on the extent of the correction.

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Aftercare Recommendations

Patients are typically advised to:

• Follow a soft or liquid diet during early recovery

• Maintain careful oral hygiene

• Take prescribed medications as directed

• Avoid strenuous activities during early healing

• Attend follow-up appointments with both surgeon and orthodontist

Proper aftercare supports healing and stabilisation of the jaw.

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Expected Results

Orthognathic surgery aims to achieve:

• Improved bite alignment

• Better chewing and speaking function

• Enhanced facial balance and symmetry

• Reduction of jaw pain related to structural misalignment

• Improved airway function in certain cases

Results are generally long-lasting once healing is complete.

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Possible Risks and Complications

Although orthognathic surgery is widely performed, potential risks may include:

• Infection

• Bleeding

• Temporary numbness due to nerve irritation

• Swelling and bruising

• Delayed bone healing

Experienced surgical teams and careful postoperative care help reduce these risks.

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Orthognathic Surgery in Turkey

Turkey has developed a strong reputation for dental and facial surgery procedures.

Patients may consider orthognathic surgery in Turkey due to:

• Experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons

• Modern hospital facilities

• Advanced imaging and surgical planning technologies

• Comprehensive treatment planning for international patients

Consultation with both an orthodontist and an oral surgeon is necessary before planning corrective jaw surgery.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. Is orthognathic surgery painful?

The procedure is performed under general anaesthesia, and postoperative discomfort is usually manageable with medication.

2. Will there be visible scars?

Most incisions are made inside the mouth, so visible external scars are uncommon.

3. How long does recovery take?

Initial healing may take several weeks, while full recovery and orthodontic adjustment may take several months.

4. Can orthognathic surgery improve facial appearance?

Yes. By correcting jaw alignment, the procedure may improve facial balance and symmetry.

5. Is orthodontic treatment necessary before surgery?

In many cases, braces or orthodontic treatment are required before and sometimes after surgery to achieve optimal bite alignment.

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Conclusion

Orthognathic surgery in Turkey is a specialised procedure used to correct jaw misalignment and improve both functional and structural aspects of the face. By repositioning the upper jaw, lower jaw, or both, surgeons can help restore proper bite alignment, enhance facial balance, and address issues related to chewing or speech. Understanding the surgical process, preparation, recovery, and potential risks allows patients to make informed decisions about corrective jaw surgery.

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Medical Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any medical decisions.