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What is a penile implant and How Does it Work

By 3 January 2026January 18th, 2026No Comments

An implant offers a reliable route to erection when conservative treatments for erectile dysfunction have not helped. The surgical prosthesis sits inside the penis and creates rigidity by mechanical means rather than by natural blood expansion.

There are two main designs. Inflatable models use a small pump in the scrotum that moves fluid into cylinders, so firmness and timing are under user control. Malleable rods are bendable silicone devices that hold shape without pumping.

The guide focuses on day-to-day function, what surgery involves and what recovery usually looks like. It explains how the device affects shape, sensation and sexual activity, and it sets realistic expectations: restoration of function, not increased size.

Readers in the UK will find clear, medically accurate information on candidacy, likely outcomes, and common concerns such as safety and perceived length changes. The aim is to help people make informed choices with practical detail and calm language.

Key Takeaways

  • Purpose: restores reliable erections when other options fail.
  • Types: inflatable and malleable systems work differently.
  • Function: mechanical rigidity replaces natural tumescence.
  • Expectations: improves activity, not size; results vary by health.
  • Considerations: surgery, recovery time and risks should be discussed with a clinician.

Understanding erectile dysfunction and when an implant becomes a treatment option

Many men reach a point where tablets and suction devices no longer deliver reliable results. Erectile dysfunction means persistent difficulty getting or keeping an erection firm enough for sex. For some, this remains true even when oral drugs or a vacuum pump are used correctly.

Conservative options can fail for several reasons. Poor arterial flow, nerve injury, scarring or fibrosis and post-surgical changes — for example after prostate surgery — may stop standard therapies working. Complex health problems can also interfere with success.

  • Refractory dysfunction means failure of appropriate doses, timing and technique with medications or a pump.
  • An implant becomes a treatment choice when the person wants a predictable, long-term solution and is fit for a surgical procedure.
  • Peyronie disease can cause curvature and scarring that limits intercourse and contributes to erectile problems.

Other indications include deformity, traumatic injury, priapism-related damage and reconstructive pathways after gender surgery. Decision-making is collaborative, weighing goals, relationships and what the person sees as a successful sexual outcome. For further options and clinical context see effective treatment options.

What is a penile implant

Contemporary options provide dependable shaft firmness by replacing erectile tissue that no longer works. Patients will see the same treatment called a penile implant, penis implant or penile prosthesis in NHS and clinic literature. All refer to devices placed inside the corpora cavernosa to produce rigidity for intercourse.

Penile implant vs penile prosthesis: what the device is designed to do

The main aim is simple: create reliable rigidity so the person can have penetrative sex even when the body cannot produce a natural erection. The device does this by inflating cylinders or by holding bendable rods inside the shaft.

It does not guarantee extra length beyond the person’s anatomy. Nor does it restore spontaneous, body-driven erections without using the device. Skin sensation and orgasm usually remain, but these topics are covered later.

Feature Inflatable system Malleable (rod) system
How it works Pump moves fluid to cylinders for erection Silicone rods positioned manually for firmness
User control On-demand inflation and deflation Simple bend-and-position use
Surgical placement Cylinders in corpora cavernosa; pump in scrotum Rods replace erectile tissue inside the shaft
Suitability Preferred for those wanting a more natural flaccid state Considered for simpler mechanics and fewer moving parts

Types of penile implants available today

Options today focus on how the device behaves day-to-day — inflation, concealment or fixed support.

Inflatable systems: cylinders, pump and reservoir

An inflatable penile implant usually contains two cylinders placed inside the corpora. A small scrotal pump moves fluid into those cylinders to create rigidity.

The reservoir holds the fluid under the lower abdominal muscles. When deflated, fluid returns to the reservoir so the shaft appears softer.

Two-piece versus three-piece inflatable designs

Two-piece systems combine pump and reservoir functions, while three-piece models keep the reservoir separate. The three-piece model often gives a more natural flaccid state and firmer rigidity when filled.

Malleable (non-inflatable) rods explained

Malleable implants use two flexible silicone rods. The user positions the penis manually for intercourse; the rods keep a constant firmness when in place.

How surgeons select the right size for the body

Surgeons measure internal shaft length and choose the largest safe size for the individual anatomy. Correct sizing reduces risk of buckling, migration or poor cosmetic result.

Feature Inflatable (three-piece) Malleable rods
Main components Two cylinders, scrotal pump, separate reservoir Two bendable silicone rods in corpora
Day-to-day look More natural flaccid state when deflated Constant semi-rigid posture; easier to conceal under clothing
User action Operate pump to transfer fluid from reservoir to cylinders Position penis manually for intercourse
Suitability factors Good for those wanting adjustable rigidity and concealment Better for limited dexterity or previous scarring
  • Trade-offs: inflatable systems favour concealment and adjustability; malleable rods favour simplicity.
  • Choice depends on health, prior surgery, manual dexterity and personal preference.

How penile implant surgery works from consultation to operating theatre

“The journey from clinic to theatre begins with careful assessment and frank discussion of realistic outcomes.” The clinic visit covers medical checks, imaging if needed and choice of device. Consent, lifestyle planning and time off work are agreed up front.

Pre-operative assessment and realistic expectations about length

Clinicians measure internal shaft length and explain why perceived penis length can change after the procedure. The aim is reliable function rather than enlargement.

What happens during the procedure

During surgery, the surgeon has two hollow chambers to work with. Cylinders placed sit inside the corpora cavernosa to provide even rigidity along the shaft.

Where components sit in the body

In inflatable systems the pump sits under the loose skin of the scrotum between the testicles. Tubing connects the pump to a reservoir usually tucked beneath the lower abdominal muscles.

Component Typical position
Cylinders placed Corpora cavernosa (shaft)
Pump Scrotum (subcutaneous)
Reservoir Under lower abdominal muscles

Longevity and revision

Many devices last around 20 years, though results vary. If wear or malfunction occurs, revision or replacement surgery restores function. Practical aftercare planning helps recovery and reduces risks.

How to use a penile implant to get an erection

Most users learn a simple routine to produce and end an erection with their device. Training usually happens during follow-up so the person gains confidence and avoids common mistakes.

Inflating with the scrotal pump

To inflate, the user presses the pump under the scrotal skin. Each squeeze transfers fluid from the reservoir into the shaft cylinders until the desired firmness is reached.

Do not press the testicles hard. The pump sits between them and is designed for safe handling. The erection can be kept for as long as wanted, even after orgasm.

Deflating and returning fluid to the reservoir

To deflate, the user depresses the valve on the pump. That action lets fluid flow back into the fluid reservoir beneath the lower abdomen and restores a more flaccid state.

Using malleable rods for sex

Malleable systems work differently. The person simply positions the rods up for sex and bends them down afterwards for comfort and concealment.

Hardness does not change with these rods, so timing and positioning are the main actions needed.

“The device gives reliable control; most find the learning curve short with hands-on guidance.”

  • Key points: pump operation, valve deflation and rod positioning.
  • Clinicians teach safe technique and timing to reduce anxiety and improve outcomes.
Action Inflatable devices Malleable rods
Create erection Squeeze scrotal pump to move fluid from reservoir to cylinders Manually position rods upward for intercourse
Maintain erection Remain inflated until valve pressed; can last any chosen time Firmness constant; maintained by rod position
Return to flaccid Press valve to return fluid to reservoir Bend rods down for everyday comfort

Recovery, aftercare and timeline back to sexual activity

Recovery after the operation follows a predictable timeline, but individual healing rates vary. Early guidance helps men plan time off and arrange support at home.

First one to two weeks: pain, swelling and skin sensitivity

In the first one to two weeks most people notice soreness and bruising around the wound. Pain is usually worst in days three to seven and then eases.

Swelling and heightened skin sensitivity are common. Gentle cleansing and dressings protect the surgical site while tissues settle.

Aftercare, early limits and why they matter

Aftercare aims to protect healing tissues, cut infection risk and keep the implant in the correct position. Avoid heavy lifting, strenuous exercise and swimming until cleared.

  • Do: follow wound care instructions and rest when advised.
  • Don’t: strain or lift for several weeks to reduce the risk of internal movement.

Device learning curve, follow‑up and when sex is usually possible again

Follow‑up appointments teach pump use and deflation technique. Operating the pump may feel unfamiliar at first; practice under supervision builds confidence.

Many clinicians allow sexual activity around the six weeks milestone, though surgeon advice and individual healing determine exact timing. Comfort and confidence grow with time.

“Seek prompt advice if pain worsens, fever develops or skin redness increases.”

Results and what sex feels like with an implant

Most people say intercourse feels the same or better after full healing. The main clinical gain is dependable erection and reduced unpredictability compared with tablets or injections.

Does it feel natural for patient and partner?

Firmness is mechanical, but skin warmth and touch usually remain unchanged. Partners often cannot tell the difference during sex once the person has adapted to using the device.

Orgasms, ejaculation and sensation

Orgasm and ejaculation pathways are generally preserved. The device alters rigidity rather than nerve‑driven sensation, so climax and penile skin feeling often stay the same.

Size, appearance and the soft glans

The glans typically does not become hard because cylinders sit in the shaft, not the head. This can change perceived length and size even when function improves.

Clinicians may suggest medication to boost blood flow to the glans if that helps cosmetic or functional concerns.

Satisfaction rates and common unmet expectations

Satisfaction rates are high, commonly reported around 80–90%+. Dissatisfaction usually follows perceived reduced length or girth, unmet expectations, or difficulty operating the device.

  • Clinical result: reliable rigidity and improved confidence.
  • Consideration: discussion before surgery shapes realistic expectations.
  • Peyronie disease: devices can aid straightening and restore function in suitable cases.

“Reliable function often brings less anxiety and better sexual wellbeing.”

Risks, complications and safety considerations

Surgery carries predictable benefits but also specific risks that deserve clear explanation. The operation is established, yet the presence of any implant raises surgical and device-related concerns that patients should understand.

Infection and why removal may be needed

Infection after this procedure occurs in about 1–3% of modern series. When bacteria colonise the device surface or surrounding spaces, superficial antibiotics often are not enough.

In many cases removal and thorough cleansing followed by later replacement reduce ongoing infection and limit scarring that can shorten the penis.

Device faults, erosion and tissue injury

Device malfunction (fluid leaks, pump failure or cylinder issues) leads to revision in roughly 6–13% of patients over time. Less commonly, erosion, extrusion or perforation of penile tissue or the urethra can occur, especially after prior surgery or in scarred shafts.

Prompt review matters if there is increasing pain, skin breakdown or a new deformity.

“Individual risk varies with health, smoking, diabetes control and prior pelvic surgery.”

Complication Reported rate Typical action
Infection 1–3% Device removal, washout, delayed replacement
Malfunction 6–13% Revision or replacement surgery
Erosion / tissue injury Less common Assess, possible repair or device removal

Informed consent should balance high satisfaction and restored function against the chance of future procedures. Surgeons assess individual risk factors and explain personalised measures to reduce complications.

Conclusion

Conclusion — this closing note pulls together how a penile implant works, the patient journey and likely long-term outcomes.

It is a permanent surgical treatment for erectile dysfunction when medications and pumps fail. Inflatable models use cylinders, a scrotal pump and a reservoir. Malleable systems use bendable rods and simple manual positioning.

Expect dependable function rather than increased size or extra length. The typical path runs from consultation and surgery to weeks‑to‑months of recovery and supervised training before returning to sexual activity.

Devices often last many years but may need revision. Safety and satisfaction are higher when a urology team matches body, goals and risks, especially with prior surgery, scarring or Peyronie’s disease.

Discuss options carefully with specialists to choose the right device and plan realistic outcomes.

FAQ

What is a penile implant and how does it work?

A surgical device placed inside the penis and scrotum to allow mechanical erections. Cylinders sit within the corpora cavernosa, a pump usually sits in the scrotum and a reservoir holds fluid when used. When the pump is activated, fluid moves into the cylinders to produce rigidity; a valve returns fluid to the reservoir to deflate.

Why can some men not get or keep an erection despite medications or a vacuum pump?

Blood flow, nerve damage or scarring can prevent natural tumescence. Conditions such as diabetes, pelvic surgery, spinal injury and severe vascular disease may limit the response to oral drugs, injections or vacuum devices. In those cases, mechanical support can restore reliable sexual function.

Which conditions may be helped by an implant, including Peyronie’s disease?

Implantation helps men with refractory erectile dysfunction from diabetes, vascular disease, post-prostatectomy changes and neurological injury. It also assists men with Peyronie’s disease when curvature and scar tissue impair erections; some implants combined with straightening procedures correct deformity and restore function.

Penile implant versus penile prosthesis: what does the device do?

Both terms refer to the same concept: a prosthetic system that creates stiffness suitable for intercourse. The device replaces the erectile mechanism rather than restoring natural blood flow, offering predictable erections on demand rather than spontaneous physiologic tumescence.

What are the main types available today?

Two broad groups exist: inflatable systems and non-inflatable malleable rods. Inflatable designs include two-piece and three-piece versions. Malleable rods are bendable silicone devices that provide a permanently firm but positionable shaft.

How does an inflatable system work: cylinders, pump and fluid reservoir explained?

Inflatable systems use paired cylinders placed in the corpora cavernosa, a scrotal pump and a reservoir that stores saline. Squeezing the pump transfers fluid into the cylinders, creating an erection; pressing the pump’s deflation valve returns fluid to the reservoir, making the penis flaccid.

What differs between two-piece and three-piece inflatable implants?

A three-piece device has a separate abdominal reservoir, offering more natural flaccidity and firmer erections. Two-piece systems combine reservoir and pump elements in the scrotum and suit patients where an abdominal reservoir is unsuitable. Choice depends on anatomy, prior surgery and surgeon preference.

How do malleable rods work for sex?

Malleable rods are bendable silicone cores that the patient positions manually. They stay firm to permit intercourse and are bent downward for comfort. They avoid reservoirs and pumps, making them simpler but less natural in appearance when flaccid.

How do surgeons choose the right implant size for the body?

Surgeons measure the corpora cavernosa during the operation and select cylinder length and girth to match tissue. Consideration of penile anatomy, previous surgeries, scar tissue and desired functional length guides sizing to preserve cosmesis and function.

What happens during the pathway from consultation to operating theatre?

Assessment includes medical history, cardiovascular and urological evaluation, infection risk screening and counselling about expectations, device types and possible changes in perceived length. Once fit for surgery, a date is set and pre-operative instructions are given.

How are realistic expectations about penis length set pre-operatively?

Surgeons explain that existing scar tissue or long-standing shrinkage may limit post-operative length. Measurements and photographs help, and options such as tissue-release techniques or grafting may be discussed, but full restoration of original length is not always achievable.

What happens during surgery when cylinders are placed in the corpora cavernosa?

Under anaesthesia an incision is made, the corpora are dilated, and cylinders are inserted into each side. Connections to the pump and reservoir are completed, haemostasis ensured and wounds closed. The procedure typically lasts one to two hours depending on complexity.

Where does the pump sit in the scrotum and where is the reservoir positioned?

The pump is placed within a pocket in the scrotal sac for easy access by touch. The reservoir for three-piece systems sits in the retropubic or prevesical space in the lower abdomen. Two-piece designs locate all components in the scrotum.

How long do implants typically last and when might revision be needed?

Modern devices often last 10–15 years or more, but mechanical failure, infection or erosion can necessitate revision earlier. Longevity depends on device type, patient health and activity; follow-up helps detect issues early.

How does a man use an implant to get an erection?

For inflatable systems he squeezes the scrotal pump repeatedly until the shaft becomes rigid, then secures the erection by releasing the pump. Practice under guidance helps mastery. For malleable rods he simply positions the shaft upward for intercourse.

How does one deflate the implant to return to flaccid state?

Inflatable devices have a valve on the pump or a separate release that allows fluid back to the reservoir. Pressing this valve releases pressure and the penis becomes flaccid. Proper technique reduces discomfort and preserves device life.

How are malleable implants used for sex regarding positioning?

Malleable rods are bent into an upward position for penetration and folded down for concealment and comfort. They require no inflation, so they provide immediate readiness but can appear permanently semi-rigid.

What to expect in the first one to two weeks after surgery: pain, swelling and skin sensitivity?

Patients commonly have pain controlled with prescribed analgesics, swelling and bruising around the incision and temporary numbness or sensitivity changes. Activity is limited and wound care instructions must be followed to reduce infection risk.

What about the device learning curve and follow-up to get comfortable using the pump?

Follow-up visits include training on the pump, practice inflations and checks for correct function. Many men gain confidence over several weeks; some initial awkwardness is normal and typically improves with time.

When is sexual activity usually possible again, including the six weeks milestone?

Surgeons usually advise abstaining from intercourse for around six weeks to allow healing. Some gentle device use may be permitted earlier to prevent scarring, but sexual penetration is typically resumed after wound healing and clearance at follow-up.

Does sex feel like a natural erection for the patient and partner?

Sensation in the shaft may differ because the mechanism is mechanical rather than vascular. Many men and partners report satisfactory function and intimacy, though the glans often remains less tumescent than with natural erections, which can affect perceived realism.

How do orgasms, ejaculation and sensation typically change after implantation?

Orgasmic function and ejaculation often remain intact since nerve endings and seminal emission may be preserved. Sensation can alter, especially at the glans, but many men retain pleasure and orgasmic response.

Why might the glans not get hard and how does that affect perceived length?

The device expands the shaft but does not increase blood flow to the glans, so the tip may stay flaccid. This contrast can make the penis seem shorter despite proper cylinder length. Counselling and realistic expectations help manage satisfaction.

What are satisfaction rates and common reasons expectations are not met?

Satisfaction rates are generally high, but disappointment can stem from unrealistic length expectations, persistent pain, partner issues, infection or device malfunction. Pre-operative counselling and careful device selection improve outcomes.

What infection risks exist and why might an infection require implant removal and replacement?

Any foreign device can become infected; bacteria can form biofilm that resists antibiotics. Deep infection often mandates removal of the whole system, with delayed replacement after eradication to avoid recurrent infection.

What device malfunctions, erosion or tissue injuries can occur: what can go wrong?

Mechanical failure such as leaks, pump or valve breakdown, erosion of components through tissue, and device migration are possible. These complications cause pain, dysfunction or skin breakdown and usually require surgical revision or replacement.